Specialisation of the professional bachelor of International Business Management
- Immerse yourself in the world of international business ready for the global marketplace
- Benefit from an international classroom where cross-cultural training helps you develop your global reach
- Embrace business sustainability in response to global societal and environmental challenges
- Develop your research and analytical skills. Spot opportunities, respond to change and assess risk factors. In practice too
- Showcase your adaptability on the job with a three-month international company internship
- Complete your international experience with an optional study exchange abroad
Chosen already? Start your application
Want to know more?
- Attend an open day or online info session
- Chat with Isha or Zaynab, students of Global Business
- Download or order a brochure
- Subscribe and stay informed by e-mail
What does this course contain?
Graduate as a bachelor of International Business Management ready to step into the business world. Here’s how:
Year 1
- The first bachelor year is the same for all specialisations: Global Business, Global Supply Chain Management and International Entrepreneurship.
- Get a thorough grounding in business skills learning from experts about finance, law, sales, marketing and management.
- Broaden your horizons from the start. See how all these skills fit into an international context and focus on cross-cultural communication.
- Take advantage of KdG’s dedicated business lab – a place to simulate the real world of global business, and apply your knowledge in practice.
Year 2
- Build on your skills, turning your attention to strategy, innovation, change management, Human Resources, supply chain management and international law and finance.
- You’ll learn what it takes to really make a difference to a business that needs that competitive edge.
- Learn how to plan your thesis and get ready for an international week or business research trip abroad.
Year 3
- Get coaching on how to research and write your thesis on a business subject of your choice.
- Choose to specialise from a range of electives that cover all aspects of global business.
- Complete your skillset by getting to grips with risk, ethics and corporate strategy.
- And finally step into the real business world, enjoying a 13 week internship with an international company.
- You’ve learned from lecturers and classmates, you’ve discovered your potential. Now you can see it all in action and really deliver.
It’s time to start your career.
Courses and credits
Courses
Global marketing
(5 credits)
Learn how to market products and services across borders, in this growth area of international business. You will explore the pressures created by the pathways of internationalisation, as well as political and economic risk analysis, international planning, cultural distance, branding for international markets, international market entry, distribution strategies, and adaptation versus standardisation.
Business economics
(5 credits)
Global economic development affects the performance of governments, companies, organisations and individuals. Grasp key concepts and principles of economics, and those relating to business organisation and strategy. You will draw on case studies and media reports to examine the extent to which external factors influence business decisions and performance. Find out how market mechanisms work, study factors which influence producers’ pricing and output decisions, inter-dependence of households and businesses, strategies that drive business growth and theories of consumer behaviour. You will also examine the role of governments, concepts of labour and employment, money, capital and inflation and business cycles – essential for understanding different viewpoints.
International and European law
(5 credits)
As the influence of international and European law grows ever stronger, knowing its basic principles and where to go for legal and regulatory information will help you make the right choices in business. Develop your critical-thinking skills in regards to contracts and learn how to double-check legal issues.
Personal development
(6 credits)
As a student, you learn to manage your studying, time, motivation and personal energy, and later as you prepare for a career in international business new skills come into play. This course enables you to work on core management strengths such as teamwork, intercultural awareness, scheduling and planning. Your mentor will also give you personal development coaching as part of your drive to become a skilled and motivated young professional.
Financial accounting
(5 credits)
The financial situation of every organisation is reflected in the accounts. Starting with the theoretical and legal framework of the International Financial Reporting System, you practise the basics of financial accounting – how to record inventory, sales and purchases, and ensure proper closing. Learn how to read financial reports such as balance sheets, income statements and cash flow statements.
Business lab
(5 credits)
Your chance to work with a diverse team on a project like any globally-minded business professional. Develop a business concept together, applying your knowledge of bringing a product to market (purchase, transportation, production and marketing) and drawing on ICT and project management tools to assist you. Learn through practice.
International trade and logistics
(5 credits)
Get an overview of most common globalisation theories on defending open economies and removing trade barriers. Explore the opportunities, risks and threats as well as the roles of the intermediate parties. Take a close-up look at how the global supply chain works – in theory and practice. Learn about the types of cargo – container cargo, liquid bulk, dry bulk, breakbulk and ro-ro – and different transportation modes, their infrastructures, networks and flows. Discover logistics: the flow of goods, services, information and money between your customers, your own company and your suppliers.
Excel fundamentals
(3 credits)
A flair for number-crunching and working with spreadsheets is essential in any organisation. Likewise, organising data, making (financial) calculations and analysing data are also sought-after skills in the labour market and areas you will develop throughout the module.
Digital workplace tools
(3 credits)
Provides a comprehensive overview of some of the most widely-used applications for communication in business: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint and Microsoft Outlook. You will learn core techniques and best practices, and discover tools for information management, planning and cloud-computing.
Regenerative business
(3 credits)
Today’s global societal and environmental challenges raise significant questions for companies and the way in which they operate. How would you respond to these dilemmas? This introspective look, helps you identify the type of organisation you would want to work for or start up. Once you have mastered the basic concepts of sustainable business, you will prepare and present a business plan that delivers on this relevant issue.
Business communication
(3 credits)
Presenting information and points of view in meetings and presentations is a daily reality of business life. Learn how to conduct effective meetings with careful preparation and an open mind to differences of opinion.
Business reports and correspondence
(3 credits)
Information is everywhere. Finding and selecting valuable information in open source networks, libraries, magazines and reviews, requires a careful search technique and a critical mindset. We will work on these skills and help you master the art of writing efficient messages and reports – both for internal and external use.
Cross-cultural communication
(3 credits)
Learn how to communicate in a way that transcends borders, and leads to lasting working relationships. Find out how cultural differences impact on the way we communicate – both verbal and non-verbal – and investigate their influence on organisational structures and business operations.
Elective
(3 credits)
Choose one of the following electives to broaden your horizon:
- Business in Asia
- Business in Europe
Immerse yourself in the mechanics of the European Union and its institutions as you explore the potential business opportunities and challenges in the region. You will focus on social and anthropological aspects and master cross-cultural communication, business etiquette, and the dos and don’ts of doing business within Europe’s multicultural business landscape. Your classes will also draw on topical news stories that have an impact on business across the continent. - Business in the US
Gain valuable insight into one of the world’s most expansive and lucrative markets, the United States of America. You will learn more about the political, economic and social particularities of the US and how they relate to doing business in the country. Furthermore, the class will contain practical do’s and don’ts for conducting business in and with the USA. - Business in Latin-America
Doing Business in Latin America provides pointers to conceive of a highly diverse global region. It supplies the students with a background on economic histories, doctrines, policies and practices that continue to affect a number of modern Latin American States’ business climates today. Additionally, the course covers data sources on governance, that students will find relevant to honing their analytical and critical reflection on States – not only from this Global region, and not only in the scope of this course, but possibly for ever after. - Business in Africa
- English Upgrade B2+
If you received a B2 (IELTS 6.0) for your language screening test, it is mandatory that you take up this elective course. This will not only help you to keep up in our English-taught environment but will help you with your international business prospects through improved communication skills in English. It is also great preparation for the Road to IELTS course in the second year.
Elective language
(3 credits)
A chance to broaden your language skills. Either choose from the following in-house courses:
- Dutch (the local language here in Antwerp): elementary course (CEFR level A1)
- French: elementary and intermediate courses (CEFR levels A1 & B1)
- Spanish: elementary course (CEFR level A1)
- Or submit a proposal to study another language, outside KdG.
Whichever option you decide upon, you will need to continue with that same language for the full 12 credits (in the second and third year of your study programme).
Native speakers cannot enrol on an elementary course in their own language. Also, students with a secondary school degree from Flanders who want to improve their French must choose the intermediate option.
Courses
Sales strategy
(3 credits)
A strong sales team is key to developing new and existing client relationships while simultaneously boosting company profits. Learn how to build a loyal client base as you delve into the principles of marketing, sales automation and upgrade strategies. Our practical exercises will develop your team management skills and negotiation tactics ready for the workplace.
Strategic and operational marketing
(3 credits)
Explore the role of strategical and operational marketing in today’s world of global business. Get an insight into those all-important concepts and techniques, which enable today’s managers to identify and capitalise on opportunities that arise. Find out how its benefits are increasingly sought-after by the public sector and other, not-for profit organisations.
Import and export management
(3 credits)
Delve into the inner workings of international trade. Develop your knowledge of documents in international trade, compare and evaluate payments and financing techniques such as documentary credit arrangements, and learn how to apply Incoterms ® to international trade transactions.
International business law
(5 credits)
To succeed in the corporate world, you need a good understanding of the legislation that impacts on your business activities. Learn how to operate within a legal framework as you discover how to create legal ads, comply with competition rules, protect your intellectual property, and select the right contract for clients and contracting parties. You will also explore options for international mergers and acquisitions and learn how to process client data in line with privacy laws.
Professional development
(6 credits)
Discover what kind of team player you are, and how to perform at your peak within a team. Put into practice the skills learned in the Cross Cultural Communication module and apply them to real-life situations where cultural awareness, networking, teamwork and professionalism go hand in hand. Develop these critical skills by reflecting on your actions and behaviour.
Innovation and change
(3 credits)
In our ever-changing world, companies need to react quickly to maintain their competitive edge. Get an insight into insights, models, tools and techniques to successfully reshape an organisation in light of global developments. Focus on the implications for individuals, teams and organisations and explore project management and organisational culture for ways to create sustainable change.
Supply chain management
(3 credits)
Before a client or consumer can benefit from purchased goods and services, a supply chain must run its course. Get an insight into a product’s manufacturing, transportation far and wide, packing, storage, selection, and distribution to a shop – often just in time before it is sold and delivered. Join us on this fascinating journey along the supply chain.
Managerial accounting
(5 credits)
Decision-makers within an organisation rely on timely and accurate financial and non-financial information to make informed judgments. You will master the most important managerial accounting techniques needed to achieve this – job order costing, cost-volume-profit relationships, activity-based costing, activity-based management, budgeting, variance analysis and capital budgeting.
International finance management
(3 credits)
Delve into the international corporate financial management. Explore the international financial markets and the sources for international companies to finance their business. Detect the financial risks and how to develop risk exposure management. Use this knowledge to perform investment analysis, working capital and cash management. Develop insight in international payment techniques and trade finance products.
Quantitative business techniques
(5 credits)
Calculations and projections are important tools in business management. Learn how to work with statistics, market data and mathematical functions to develop simulations and forecasts in this hands-on seminar.
Research and academic reporting
(3 credits)
Writing a bachelor thesis is challenging and this course will give you a head start. Settle on a topic you want to write about, develop a clear thesis statement, look up different types of sources and evaluate them, plan your work, structure your narrative, and fine tune your writing. The outcome is a well thought-through proposal for your thesis.
Human resources management
(3 credits)
Find out how to attract the right talent, develop it as well as reward and retain staff – core aspects of any successful business. Get a strategic and transactional overview, learn how to apply HR frameworks and concepts to real-life examples, and create the right conditions for employees and managers to achieve company goals.
English road to C1
(6 credits)
In order to graduate, all students need to prove that their English-language proficiency is at least C1-level on the CEFR. This course prepares you for taking the IELTS – C1 General Test at the British Council in Brussels, or to do a similar test at KdG.
Elective
(3 credits)
Choose one of the following electives to broaden your horizon:
- International business practices
Tumultuous International Business times ahead. China is getting strong enough to challenge the USA in economic hegemony, and the latter is no longer so sure about the “global rules” itself has helped to put in place.
That means that you will enter the business world with the 3 largest economic blocks (the EU, The USA and China) singing a different tune. How to navigate this new (and still shaping) international business world?
The course tackles this in a very hands-on way. It brings in guest speakers who have a broad experience in global business, but as a student you also get to go deep in certain area and translate that knowledge into a report and final presentation that then also brings your fellow students upto speed on your new insights.
Net a class to learn, to experience, but also to share & help others ahead. - Networking and lobbying
It’s hard to overrate the importance of networking and lobbying in the business world. Yet there’s a lot of confusion regarding the terminology and practices. How do you start, what is a good network? Is lobbying really the shady, backdoor influencing or is it about politics, numbers, arguments? How useful are your soft skills, and how can you remediate?
Networking is about giving and taking and seeing opportunities in connections. In this course unit, we’ll guide you through the world of networking and lobbying, and teach you how to become better at it, without losing your personality or integrity.
The course unit applies not only to digital reality but also to the real world. Don’t be afraid to get drawn out of your comfort zone. - Geopolitics
What interests determine current global politics? And what consequences do geopolitics have on globalized business and supply chains? In this course you will learn all about the geopolitical challenges global business and global supply chain face at the moment. - Storytelling as a business tool
Storytelling is crucial for any organisation in order to distinguish itself and rise above the clutter of information and communication efforts. You will learn about the importance of storytelling in a digital/social media context. You will learn how to transform communication into enjoyable, and relevant stories, adding the tone of voice of an organisation. - AI in practice
Elective language
(6 credits)
Continue to build on last year’s taster, as you dive into the detail of your chosen language.
- Dutch elementary 2
- French elementary 2
- Spanish elementary 2
- French intermediate 2
- Other foreign language 2
Courses
International corporate strategy
(5 credits)
A sound corporate strategy helps a business stay focused in uncertain economic times. Formulating a sound strategy requires a thorough understanding of the environment in which a company operates, its vision, its unique set of competences and resources and aims to set the direction for its future growth. Focus on becoming a strategic thinker – a key skill for any manager, corporate executive or entrepreneur – and get to evaluate and critically analyse a global company’s strategies. You will study the market risks and opportunities, discover how corporate strategy evolves in response to market conditions, and understand the process of strategy implementation in order to gain a sustainable competitive advantage.
International trade and risk management
(5 credits)
Cross border trade and global procurement is an established and natural phenomenon. Learn to assess the risks involved by simulating an import or export transaction. Carry out an in-depth analysis of a product, its market appeal, the country where it was manufactured and the supply chain. Check the legal obligations under your sale contract such as delivery, customs clearance and payment. Draft the necessary contracts for sale, finance, transport and insurance, and have a sound grasp of the legal ramifications in the event of a breach.
Business ethics
(3 credits)
Is it all about the money? Or is there more to it? Take a look at authentic business cases from various standpoints and analyse them. Set up debates, present your reasoned arguments, and see if there is more to business than just going for a quick win…
International internship
(20 credits)
Your mandatory 13-week internship within an international company or organisation is an essential and pivotal moment in terms of personal development. You start as an observer but quickly immerse yourself in the daily working processes of your colleagues. As an intern you will find yourself being part of a project team – focusing on a particular area of analysis or a survey study – or getting experience handling operations within a company for instance. Your internship must be in a country other than where you obtained your secondary school degree, which will complete your international study experience and help to further broaden your perspective.
Your lecturers have prepared you for this moment, and now it is your chance to shine on the job.
Bachelor thesis
(8 credits)
Carry out in-depth analytical research into a business-related topic of your choice. Your investigations will see you dive into the literature and gather data before formulating your arguments into a reasoned written report. You are coached by a mentor throughout, and by the end of the process you are ready to present your findings to a jury panel.
Major electives
(10 credits)
Choose two from the following choices:
-
International finance management 2
This course provides knowledge and insight into banking. We explore the international financial system and different types of intermediation. We detect the different drivers of banking, such as accounting rules, prudential rules and technology. We detect the financial risks and how to develop the risk exposure management and the management of risks.
- International Human Resources Management
- distinctions between domestic and international (strategic) HRM
- the cultural and organisational context of intl HRM
- staffing for global markets
- international performance management
- international training, development, careers and global leadership
- international compensation
- future challenges for Intl HRM
- evidence-based HRM
- In this course, you will also work in a cross-cultural team with fellow students from another University (“COIL” project), yet another opportunity to become a truly global citizen and a seasoned cross-cultural team worker.
- Grean deal policymaking
Learn how the Green Deal comes into effect and how businesses need to adapt to this revolutionary shift towards a circular economy in a group of students consisting of students of Antwerp and students of Bern (University of Applied Sciences). We will visit the European Institutions, businesses and Chambers of Commerce and conduct surveys in businesses to deduct comparisons between both countries. But most important, you will have an Erasmus experience @home as you will work in an international team. - International relations and diplomacy
Minor electives
(6 credits)
Choose two from the following choices:
- Corporate reputation management
Corporate Reputation and the management of it is more than ever before a top priority for CEO’s across the globe. And in the meantime, it’s what makes them most afraid. Reputation is amorphous and ambiguous and that’s what makes it so challenging. Why is reputation so important? How do companies work on this area? What is the impact on company’s performance, employee retention, long term viability? Once you understand the principles and apply it your own case you could start to make a true difference in business life. - Third-Party Project
With the IBM3 Minor Elective Third-Party Project, you are given the opportunity to broaden your horizon and attend a summer school, bootcamp, case competition ... outside of IBM and have this validated within your IBM degree programme. - Blockchain and artificial intelligence
General introduction to applied innovation in business, blockchain and artificial technology. Interactive guest lectures will be facilitated by the instructor. - CSR business game
You take part in a business game on the theme of Corporate Social Responsibility. You form a team with students from other degree programmes. Each team represents the management team of a netbook manufacturer whose mission is 'to be successful in business by being innovative and socially responsible'. Throughout the game, you make strategic and operational decisions (e.g. choice of product, sales region, product location, supplier, quality of the component, terms of employment etc) - DXC consultancy
A workshop run by a leading independent, end-to-end IT services company. Over six sessions, you address digital technologies from a business perspective. You work on a real case study for a client, providing business solutions, which you present at the end of the workshop. - International business and politics
- Creative problem solving
- Luxery and fashion management
Elective language
(3 credits)
Continue to build on last year’s taster, as you dive into the detail of your chosen language.
- Dutch elementary 3
- French elementary 3
- Spanish elementary 3
- French intermediate 3
- Other foreign language 3
What does your schedule look like?
- The Welcoming days are from 10 to 12 September 2025 in Antwerp and attendance of these is essential.
- Your classes will start from Monday, 16 September 2025. EEA nationals can also start in February.
- Full-time, three-year study program with a commitment up to 40 hours per week.
- 20-24 hours of on-campus classes so you can benefit from close interaction with your lecturers and colleagues.
- 1 to 1.5 day free per week which allows you to work on group projects with your colleagues.
- Weekly mix of lectures, seminars, team assignments, and self-study
Improve your language skills
Take advantage of our international study environment to improve your language skills.
- Boost your personal development and improve your career prospects by studying any language of your choice.
- Dutch, French and Spanish are all offered in-house, but you can also elect to follow another language course with an external provider. The choice is yours.
Think of the opportunities for your future with some extra language skills under your belt, plus the confidence this will give you; broader horizons - perfect for the world of international business management.
Life is about experiences…
And your study experience will be rich and diverse.
- Be coached by lecturers from universities and businesses from around the world.
- Study with classmates from more than 20 different countries.
- Learn to communicate across boundaries. Take advantage of exchange programmes and internships that allow you to travel.
Enjoy the experience of a lifetime!
Personal growth
Our education combines theory and practical hands-on application. Emphasis is on teamwork and group assignments and working in real-world scenarios.
You’ll get the support you need and the space to grow. This is where you’ll discover what you are capable of.
By learning from and sharing with others, by motivating yourself and having to find solutions, you will prepare yourself for your future in Global Business.
International internship
Your mandatory 13-week internship within an international company or organisation is a pivotal moment in terms of personal development. As an intern you will find yourself being part of a project team. You'll be focusing on a particular area of analysis or a survey study – or getting experience handling operations within a company.
Your lecturers have prepared you for this moment, and this is your chance to shine.
Where to do your internship?
You must take your internship in a country other than where you obtained your secondary school degree. Beyond that restriction, the world is your oyster. It's your choice!
Double degree opportunity
Study abroad and get two degrees for the price of one! Global Business students have the chance to spend their final year studying at Budapest Business School in Hungary.
Full info and advice about our double degrees are available when you start your studies at KdG.
What do you need?
You need an up-to-date laptop to take notes, work on projects, take exams ...
- Wifi specifications: a device with an 'A' rating (e.g. Wifi A, Wireless A, Wifi AC, Wireless AC)
- Can I use a Mac? We strongly advise against using a Mac since recent versions do not allow for the installation of Windows via Bootcamp – a requirement for your exams.
- Can I use a Chromebook? We also advice against using Chromebook. As of september Office will no longer be supported by Chromebook.
- Free software? You get Windows and Office 365 for free as a student of this programme.
Requirements
- This course is taught in English. Good proficiency in English is required.
- You hold a secondary education certificate that grants access to a comparable higher education degree programme in the country it was granted.
- No interview or additional tests are required for admission to KdG.
- There is currently no restriction on the number of places
- Our programme requires curiosity, a strong will to use all of your talents, a readiness to explore, to learn and to perform in an international team.
Your profile
- A head for business. You’re fascinated by what makes modern businesses tick.
- Curious. You want to find out where you can fit into the big picture of Global Business.
- Hard-working. You’re determined to understand the A-Z of a varied field.
- Learn by applying the theory? Yes! That’s your thing!
- Team player. An international team is where you belong.
- Ambition. Big or budding, you want to go places.
Study in Antwerp, Belgium
- Home to more than 44.000 students and around 170 nationalities.
- Antwerp is a safe, diverse and welcoming international student city.
- Situated on the River Scheldt, this mini metropolis is a gateway to the world.
- A perfectly located economic hub steeped in history, and always evolving.
- Brussels, Amsterdam, Paris and London all within easy reach.
Atypical Antwerp, the movie
Your campus
- Study at our Groenplaats campus in the heart of Antwerp, overlooking the the main square and cathedral, and near the Meir shopping street.
- Lectures are held at the Faculty of Management & IT. Study in the library, get together for group work in The View, or relax in the cafeteria.
- Excellent bus and tram links make getting around easy. Antwerpen-Centraal station is close by, connecting you to Brussels, Amsterdam, Paris, and London.
Campus Groenplaats
Nationalestraat 5
2000 ANTWERP
+32 3 613 16 00
info.mit@kdg.be
After graduation
- A degree in Global business is about discovery and will open many potential career paths for you.
- Choose the area that interests you the most: finance, sales, marketing, operations, project management, HR or become your own boss.
- You will have acquired the full range of knowledge and skills to make a difference within a business. And what’s more, you can go anywhere in the world.
Read our Alumni Success Stories to find out how our International Business Management students are applying their skills. Be inspired and get their advice for you!
One degree and more
Our programme is your footboard to a profound expansion of your skills in an international master's programme.
Recommended partners are:
- Ecole Supérieure de Commerce (Rennes, France)
- Heriot Watt University (Edinburgh, UK)
- University of Leuven (Brussels, Belgium)
- University of Limerick (Ireland)
- Fontys University of Applied Sciences (Netherlands)
- Aalesund University College (Norway)
- TBS Toulouse Business School (Toulouse and Barcelona)
- Lund University (Sweden)
Practical information
- Student onboarding (all the essential information you need)
Want to know more?
Join us at an open day or online info session
Wednesday 18 December 2024 from 16:00 till 17:00 CET
More info
Wednesday 29 January 2025 from 16:00 till 17:00 CET
More info
Saturday 15 March 2025 from 10:00 till 16:00 in Antwerp
Apply now
Yes, I'll apply for academic year 2025-2026
When can I start?
- Our academic year begins in September.
- Welcoming days from 10th to 12th September.
- Classes start on 16th September.
February start
For EEA nationals only.
Join the Global Business specialisation as a late starter. You may switch to another specialisation from Year 2. The three business specialisations are the same for Year 1 with the exception of the labs.
- Welcoming day on 31 January 2025. Classes start on 5 February.
- By starting in February, your Year 1 programme will consist of 39 credits to be completed within 5 months. If you successfully complete this condensed Year 1 schedule, you will catch up with the September intake of students ready to start Year 2. Theoretically, you can graduate within 6 semesters, depending on your study programme in year 2 and 3.
- If you join the programme after the start of classes on 5 February, your programme will be less than 39, depending on the time of enrolment. If you think you are eligible for credit transfers, please find the information here.
- Already a KdG student? Read the information on transferring to a different degree programme at KdG.
Looking for more information regarding your study career? Join one of our Walk-ins: 9/12, 16/12 and 3/2 between 13 - 17h at Campus Groenplaats. Go to the 4th floor and follow the signs to room 400.
For companies and organizations
Are you looking for an intern? Please send a mail to ibm@kdg.be.
Our interns have the entrepreneurial spirit and the operational skills. You invest some time in briefing them and they soon add value to your organization, during the internship and maybe also later on.
Quality education you can count on
As a KdG student you can be sure of a high-quality education at our dynamic university.
- Your teachers are experts in their field, passionate about helping you to develop your potential.
- KdG is an accredited university: quality guaranteed on an international level.
- A detailed management system is in place to systematically review every degree programme.
KdG’s goal is sustainable development: of students, staff and society. We consistently strive to get the best out of everyone.
And by so doing, we help to shape a better future.